Biochemistry: Proteins, DNA & Metabolism

40 questions · Answers revealed below each question · Print this set

1.Which is the body's preferred quick-energy molecule?
- A. Protein
- B. Glucose
- C. Fat
- D. Vitamin C
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Glucose
Did you know? Glucose is the body's go-to quick fuel.
2.Which English scientist's X-ray photo was crucial evidence for the DNA double helix?
- A. Marie Curie
- B. Dorothy Hodgkin
- C. Ada Lovelace
- D. Rosalind Franklin
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Rosalind Franklin
Did you know? Franklin's Photo 51 showed the helix's cross shape.
3.Without oxygen, what do human muscles turn glucose into, causing soreness?
- A. Pyruvate
- B. Acetic acid
- C. Alcohol
- D. Lactic acid
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Lactic acid
Did you know? Anaerobic muscle ferments glucose to lactic acid.
4.What general name covers proteins that speed up body chemistry?
- A. Hormones
- B. Vitamins
- C. Antibodies
- D. Enzymes
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Enzymes
Did you know? Enzymes are the body's biological catalysts.
5.Which vitamin does sunlight make in skin?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin A
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin K
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Vitamin D
Did you know? Sunlit skin makes vitamin D from a cholesterol start.
6.Which polysaccharide stores glucose in plants?
- A. Cellulose
- B. Chitin
- C. Starch
- D. Glycogen
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Starch
Did you know? Starch grains bank plant energy, from potato to rice.
7.In DNA, which base pairs with guanine?
- A. Thymine
- B. Adenine
- C. Cytosine
- D. Uracil
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Cytosine
Did you know? Guanine bonds with cytosine, three hydrogen bonds strong.
8.Which pigment absorbs light for photosynthesis?
- A. Chlorophyll
- B. Melanin
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Carotene
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Chlorophyll
Did you know? Chlorophyll catches sunlight in green wavelengths absorbed least.
9.Which protein is hair and nails chiefly made of?
- A. Collagen
- B. Keratin
- C. Elastin
- D. Melanin
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Keratin
Did you know? Keratin builds hair, nails, and horns.
10.What are sugars and starches collectively called?
- A. Lipids
- B. Proteins
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Steroids
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Carbohydrates
Did you know? Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches, and fibers of the diet.
11.Who published the 1953 double-helix model of DNA?
- A. Pasteur and Koch
- B. Watson and Crick
- C. Fleming and Florey
- D. Mendel and Darwin
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Watson and Crick
Did you know? Watson and Crick's 1953 model rewrote biology.
12.Which deficiency causes scurvy, old sailors' bane?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Iron
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Vitamin C
Did you know? Citrus vitamin C wards off scurvy.
13.Which process turns glucose and oxygen into energy, CO2, and water?
- A. Combustion
- B. Photosynthesis
- C. Cellular respiration
- D. Fermentation
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Cellular respiration
Did you know? Respiration burns glucose with oxygen inside cells.
14.What model describes enzyme-substrate fit?
- A. Patch and clamp
- B. Zip and clip
- C. Lock and key
- D. Ring and pin
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Lock and key
Did you know? The lock-and-key model pictures the substrate slipping into place.
15.Table sugar is one glucose plus which other sugar?
- A. Fructose
- B. Lactose
- C. Galactose
- D. Maltose
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Fructose
Did you know? Sucrose is glucose joined to fructose.
16.In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?
- A. Uracil
- B. Cytosine
- C. Thymine
- D. Guanine
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Thymine
Did you know? Adenine always pairs with thymine in DNA.
17.Yeast ferments sugar into alcohol and which gas?
- A. Hydrogen
- B. Carbon dioxide
- C. Oxygen
- D. Nitrogen
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Carbon dioxide
Did you know? Fermentation's bubbles are CO2, rising bread and beer foam.
18.Which stomach enzyme chops proteins in acid?
- A. Trypsin
- B. Lipase
- C. Pepsin
- D. Amylase
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Pepsin
Did you know? Pepsin works in the stomach's acidic bath.
19.Which structural carbohydrate forms plant cell walls?
- A. Sucrose
- B. Glycogen
- C. Starch
- D. Cellulose
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Cellulose
Did you know? Cellulose is the fiber of wood and paper.
20.What shape does a DNA molecule take?
- A. Single ring
- B. Triple sheet
- C. Double helix
- D. Straight ladder
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Double helix
Did you know? DNA coils into a double helix, like a twisted ladder.
21.Which cycle, named for Hans Krebs, finishes sugar breakdown?
- A. Nitrogen cycle
- B. Water cycle
- C. Calvin cycle
- D. Citric acid cycle
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Citric acid cycle
Did you know? The Krebs cycle spins acetyl-CoA into CO2 and energy carriers.
22.Which iron protein carries oxygen in blood?
- A. Albumin
- B. Myoglobin
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Ferritin
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Hemoglobin
Did you know? Hemoglobin's iron grips oxygen for the ride.
23.Which waxy lipid forms cell membranes?
- A. Phospholipids
- B. Triglycerides
- C. Sterols
- D. Waxes
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Phospholipids
Did you know? Phospholipids double up into every cell membrane.
24.Which gas do plants release during photosynthesis?
- A. Methane
- B. Nitrogen
- C. Oxygen
- D. Carbon dioxide
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Oxygen
Did you know? Photosynthesis splits water and exhales oxygen.
25.Which digestive enzyme breaks starch into sugars, in saliva?
- A. Amylase
- B. Lipase
- C. Pepsin
- D. Lactase
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Amylase
Did you know? Salivary amylase starts starch digestion in the mouth.
26.Fats are built from glycerol plus which acids?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Nucleic acids
- C. Citric acid
- D. Amino acids
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Fatty acids
Did you know? Fats join glycerol to three fatty acid chains.
27.Which organelle hosts cellular respiration?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Ribosome
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Mitochondrion
Did you know? Mitochondria are the cell's power plants.
28.What is the region of an enzyme where its substrate binds called?
- A. Hinge loop
- B. Active site
- C. Signal patch
- D. Binding tail
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Active site
Did you know? Each enzyme's active site fits its substrate like a lock its key.
29.Which simple sugar fuels cells directly?
- A. Starch
- B. Cellulose
- C. Glucose
- D. Sucrose
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Glucose
Did you know? Cells burn glucose for immediate energy.
30.What is the cell's universal energy currency molecule?
- A. ATP
- B. Insulin
- C. DNA
- D. Hemoglobin
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ATP
Did you know? ATP spends and recharges in every living process.
31.Which enzyme do lactose-intolerant people lack?
- A. Lactase
- B. Pepsin
- C. Amylase
- D. Maltase
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Lactase
Did you know? Lactase splits milk sugar; without it, lactose lingers.
32.Which carbohydrate builds insect shells, but humans cannot digest?
- A. Starch
- B. Chitin
- C. Pectin
- D. Cellulose
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Chitin
Did you know? Chitin armor insects and crustaceans.
33.What are the building blocks of proteins called?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Monosaccharides
- C. Fatty acids
- D. Nucleotides
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Amino acids
Did you know? Proteins are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
34.Which polysaccharide stores glucose in liver and muscle?
- A. Cellulose
- B. Starch
- C. Glycogen
- D. Chitin
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Glycogen
Did you know? Glycogen is the animal glucose bank.
35.Which protein is the body's main connective-tissue fiber?
- A. Insulin
- B. Keratin
- C. Actin
- D. Collagen
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Collagen
Did you know? Collagen is the rope of skin, bone, and cartilage.
36.Which lipid group includes cholesterol and hormones?
- A. Waxes
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Triglycerides
- D. Steroids
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Steroids
Did you know? Steroids ring into cholesterol and the sex hormones.
37.Which organ stores bile for digesting fats?
- A. Liver
- B. Spleen
- C. Pancreas
- D. Gallbladder
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Gallbladder
Did you know? The gallbladder banks bile made by the liver until a fatty meal calls it.
38.Which scientist shared the 1962 Nobel for DNA structure but died in 1958, ineligible?
- A. Maurice Wilkins
- B. Rosalind Franklin
- C. Linus Pauling
- D. Erwin Chargaff
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Rosalind Franklin
Did you know? Franklin died in 1958; Nobels are never awarded posthumously.
39.Who discovered oxygen in 1774 by heating mercuric oxide?
- A. Joseph Priestley
- B. Henry Cavendish
- C. Daniel Rutherford
- D. Robert Boyle
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Joseph Priestley
Did you know? Priestley's "dephlogisticated air" was oxygen.
40.Which enzyme family destroys hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
- A. Lipase
- B. Catalase
- C. Kinase
- D. Isomerase
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Catalase
Did you know? Catalase defuses peroxide in a split second.

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